The Altitude of a region affects the amount of Energy which can be collected there. To collect this energy, you must build a Solar Collector.
Areas below 1000m above sea level produce 1 unit of energy. From 1000m to 2000m, areas produce 2 energy; 2000m-3000m areas produce 3 energy, and areas more than 3000m above sea level produce 4 energy.
Ocean squares do not produce energy unless you build a tidal harness, in which case they produce 3.
Special Energy Resource squares produce two additional units of energy per turn. Squares in the Uranium Flats and Geothermal Shallows produce one additional unit.